Sojevi virusa šarke šljive - diverzitet i geografska rasprostranjenost u Srbiji

Abstract

Virus šarke šljive (Plum pox virus-PPV) je prouzrokovač bolesti šarke šljive. Od otkrića, šarka je viđena kao bolest od velikog značaja u zasadima šljive. PPV je prisutan širom sveta u mnogim vrstama iz roda Prunus, izazivajući velike ekonomske gubitke. Kod veoma osetljivih sorti šljive, kao što je Požegača, virus šarke izaziva prevremeno opadanje polodova i smanjuje njihov kvalitet što dovodi do totalnih gubitaka prinosa. Do sada je opisano osam sojeva virusa šarke: PPV-M, PPV-D, PPV-EA, PPV-C, PPV-Rec, PPV-W, PPV-T i PPV-CR. Tri glavna soja: PPV-M, PPV-D i PPV-Rec su najviše rašireni i prisutni su u mnogim evropskim zemljama. Ostali sojevi su zbog ograničenog broja domaćina ili ograničene geografske rasrostranjenosti od manjeg značaja. U Srbiji su do sada opisana sva tri glavna soja virusa šarke. U ovom radu, dat je sveobuhvatan pregled istraživanja varijabilnosti virusa šarke šljive u Srbiji.

Plum pox virus (PPV) is the causal agent of Sharka disease. Since its discovery, Sharka has been considered as a calamity in plum orchards. PPV is present worldwide in many Prunus species, causing great economic losses. In highly susceptible plum varieties, such as Požegača, PPV causes a premature fruit drop and reduces fruit quality, which leads to total yield loss. Eight PPV strains (PPV-M, PPV-D, PPV-EA, PPV-C, PPV-Rec, PPV-W, PPV-T and PPVCR) have been recognized so far. Three major strains (PPV-M, PPV-D and PPV-Rec) are the most widely dispersed and occur frequently in many European countries. Other strains are of minor importance due to their limited host preferences or geographic distribution. So far, all three major strains have been identified in Serbia. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the research into Plum pox virus variability in Serbia.