Uticaj mikrobioloških i mineralnih đubriva na biološko-proizvodne osobine sorti jagode (Fragaria ananassa Duch.)

Abstract

Jedan od bitnih činilaca intenziviranja proizvodnje jagode predstavlja inoviranje sortimenta u cilju što ravnomernijeg snabdevanja tržišta plodovima visokog kvaliteta. Međutim, u definisanju proizvodne i upotrebne vrednosti introdukovanih sorti, pored uticaja samog genotipa, značajnu ulogu imaju i faktori spoljašnje sredine, sistem gajenja, kao i intenzitet primene agro i pomotehničkih mera. Jednu od najvažnijih agrotehničkih mera u savremenoj proizvodnji jagode predstavlja đubrenje, koje uključuje primenu organskih i mineralnih đubriva. Brojna istraživanja ukazuju da kontinuirana upotreba mineralnih đubriva izaziva kontaminaciju životne sredine pri čemu više od 50% primenjenih mineralnih đubriva biljke ne usvoje, već na različite načine dolazi do gubljenja mineralnih elemenata, što predstavlja veliku opasnost za životnu sredinu. Stoga, adekvatnom upotrebom i delimičnom ili potpunom zamenom mineralnih đubriva mikrobnim inokulantima tj. biofertilizatorima, mogu se prevazići ekološki problemi nastali prekomernom upotrebom mineralnih đubriva. Osnovni cilj ovih istraživanja bio je da se ispita uticaj biofertilizatora i mineralnih đubriva na vegetativni i generativni potencijal, najvažnije fiziološke osobine, kao i fizičke, hemijske i senzoričke osobine ploda jagode. Istraživanje je obavljeno u oglednom zasadu jagode sorti “Clery”, “Joly” i “Dely”, Instituta za voćarstvo u Čačku, koji se nalazi u centru Čačka, u kotlini Zapadne Morave. Sadnja je obavljena u julu 2011. godine u formi dvorednih pantljika na gredicama prekrivenim crnom polietilenskom folijom. Primenjeno rastojanje sadnje je 30 × 30 cm. Ogled je postavljen po potpuno slučajnom planu i ispitivan je uticaj dva faktora: sorta i đubrivo..

An important factor in the intensification of strawberry production is cultivar innovation, which aims to ensure that the market is supplied with high quality fruits as evenly as possible. However, when defining the value for cultivation and use of introduced cultivars, importance is given to environmental factors, production system and levels of cultural and crop management practices, in addition to the effect of genotype. Fertilization is one of the most important cultural practices used in modern strawberry production, including the use of organic and mineral fertilizers. An extensive body of research shows that the continuous use of mineral fertilizers leads to environmental contamination, with more than 50% of applied mineral fertilizers remaining unabsorbed, resulting in loss of minerals, and thus posing a serious threat to the environment. Therefore, proper use and partial or complete substitution of mineral fertilizers with microbial inoculants i.e. biofertilizers can help overcome environmental problems caused by the overuse of mineral fertilizers. The main objective of this research was to examine the effect of biofertilizers and mineral fertilizers on the vegetative and generative potential and major physiological traits of strawberry cultivars and major physical, chemical and sensory properties of the fruit. The research was conducted in an experimental planting of strawberry cvs. ‘Clery’, ‘Joly’ and ‘Dely’ at the Fruit Research Institute, Čačak, located in central Čačak, in the Western Morava valley. Strawberries were planted in July 2011 in double rows on beds covered with black polyethylene foil. Plant spacing was 30 x 30 cm. The layout of the experiment was a completely randomized design, with the effect of two factors, viz. cultivar and fertilizer, analyzed...