Biološke osobine i kvalitet ploda sorti šljive stvorenih u Institutu za voćarstvo, Čačak pogodnih za preradu

Abstract

Cilj ovog rada je bio da se ispitaju biološke osobine i kvalitet ploda tri novije sorte šljive ʻMildoraʼ, ʻKrinaʼ i ʻZlatkaʼ, stvorene u Institutu za voćarstvo, Čačak pogodne za preradu i standardne sorte ʻČačanska rodnaʼ. Ispitivane su najznačajnije fenološke i pomološke osobine, bujnost stabla i rodnost, kao i hemijske osobine ploda. Sve ispitivane sorte su cvetale u približno slično vreme tokom druge dekade aprila. Vreme sazrevanja ploda ovih sorti je bilo tokom treće dekade avgusta. Najveća bujnost stabla je utvrđena kod sorti ʻČačanska rodnaʼ i ʻKrinaʼ, dok je najmanja utvrđena kod sorte ʻMildoraʼ. Najveći prinos po stablu ustanovljen je kod sorte ʻČačanska rodnaʼ, dok su najmanji prinos imale sorte ʻMildoraʼ i ʻZlatkaʼ. Najkrupniji plod je imala sorta ʻČačanska rodnaʼ, a najsitniji sorte ʻMildoraʼ i ʻKrinaʼ. Kod sorte ʻMildoraʼ su ustanovljene najveće vrednosti hemijskih osobina ploda, ali je generalno kod sve četiri ispitivane sorte utvrđen visok kvalitet ploda.

The main objective of this paper was to evaluate biological properties and fruit quality of three newly plum cultivars ʻMildoraʼ, ʻKrinaʼ and ʻZlatkaʼ developed at Fruit Research Institute, Čačak intended for processing and standard cultivar ʻČačanska Rodnaʼ. The most important phenological and pomological properties, tree vigour and bearing as well as chemical characteristics of the fruit were studied. Flowering time of examined cultivars was similar and lasted during the second decade of April. Ripening time of these cultivars was recorded during the third decade of August. The largest tree vigour was found in ʻČačanska rodnaʼ and ʻKrinaʼ, whereas the smallest was found in ʻMildoraʼ. The highest yield per tree had ʻČačanska Rodnaʼ and the smallest had ʻMildoraʼ and ʻZlatkaʼ. Cultivar ʻČačanska Rodnaʼ was characterized with the largest fruit, whereas the smallest fruit was recorded in ʻMildoraʼ and ʻKrinaʼ. The highest values of chemical traits of fruit were found in ʻMildoraʼ. However, high fruit quality was determined in all four examined cultivars.