Ispitivanje sorti šljive ranog vremena sazrevanja ploda na području Čačka

Abstract

Iako u svetu postoji više od 6000 sorti šljive koje vode poreklo od različitih divljih vrsta sa područja Evrope, Azije i Severne Amerike, postoji stalna potreba za stvaranjem novih sorti boljih proizvodnih osobina, tolerantnih/otpornih na nepovoljne činioce spoljne sredine i najznačajnije bolesti, na prvom mestu šarku šljive. Pored toga, jedan od najznačajnijih ciljeva oplemenjivanja šljive u svetu je i stvaranje sorti što ranijeg i što kasnijeg vremena sazrevanja ploda, da bi se sezona svežih plodova na tržištu što više produžila. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se ispitaju najznačajnije pomološke i proizvodne osobine dve domaće i tri introdukovane sorte šljive ranog vremena sazrevanja ploda: ʻBorankaʼ, ʻČačanska ranaʼ, ʻOpalʼ, ʻKatinkaʼ i ʻTegeraʼ. Ispitivane su najznačajnije fenološke (fenofaza cvetanja i sazrevanja plodova) i morfometrijske osobine (masa ploda i koštice, randman mezokarpa ploda, dimenzije ploda i sferičnost ploda), kao i bujnost (površina poprečnog preseka debla) i rodnost (prinos po stablu i koeficijent rodnosti).

Although there are more than 6000 plum varieties originated from different wild species from Europe, Asia and North America, there is a constant need to develop new varieties with better characteristics, tolerant/resistant to adverse environmental factors and the most important diseases, in the first place Sharka virus. In addition, one of the most important aims of plum breeding in the world is to create varieties of early and late ripening time in order to prolong the season of fresh fruits on the market as much as possible. The aim of this study was to examine the most significant pomological and productive characteristics of two domestic (ʻBorankaʼ and ʻČačanska ranaʼ) and three introduced (ʻOpalʼ, ʻKatinkaʼ and ʻTegeraʼ) early ripening plum varieties. The most important phenological (phenophase of flowering and fruit ripening) and morphometric characteristics (fruit and stone mass, flesh percentage ratio, fruit dimensions and sphericity), as well as tree vigour (trunk cross-sectional area) and yield (yield per tree and yield efficiency) were examined.