Diversity of plums belonging to P. domestica L., P. insititia L. and Prunus × rossica Erem. Tree vigour, yielding and fruit quality attributes

Abstract

From 2017 to 2022, tree growth, yield components, fruit quality attributes and antioxidant capacity of autochthonous and rare plum cultivars of different genetic origin were investigated. The research was carried out in the environmental conditions of Serbia in orchard where intensive horticultural measures were applied. The results showed a wide variability of the examined parameters among cultivars and among plum types. The ‘Olenka’ plum had the most vigor trees, whereas ‘Saint Julien’ had dwarf trees. The Serbian autochthonous plums ‘Metlaˇs’ and ‘Crvena Ranka’ had the best yield components (Y, CY, YE). ‘Timoˇcanka’ had the highest FW and fruit size, whereas ‘Metlaˇs’ and ‘Saint Julien’ had the weakest fruit physical characteristics. Unexpectedly, ‘Saint Julien’ had the highest content of soluble solids, both ripening and sweetness indexes and RS. The highest and similar content of TS was found in the fruits of ‘Crvena Ranka’, ‘Timoˇcanka’ and ‘Obilnaya’. ‘Crvena Ranka’ and ‘Obilnaya’ had the highest content of N-RS. The Czech autochthonous cultivars ‘Durancie’ and ‘Chrudimsk´a’ had a similar and highest content of vitamin C, while the highest TPC and TFC were found in the fruits of ‘Metlaˇs’ and ‘Olenka’, respectively. The highest amount of anthocyanins had ‘Obilnaya’, whereas the lowest had ‘Saint Julien’. Fruits of ‘Durancie’ had the highest TAC, followed by ‘Timoˇcanka’ and ‘Obilnaya’, whereas fruits of ‘Olenka’ had the poorest antioxidant power. Considering their overall performances, evaluated plums can be grown in production orchards for different purposes or can be an alternative to the leading commercial cultivars in similar ecological conditions. Also, they can be used for breeding programs.