An overview of Serbian autochthonous genotype selection in Prunus genus

Abstract

Fruit species of the Prunus genus are among the most represented worldwide. According to harvested area and production volume, plum and sour cherry are beside apple and raspberry the most valuable species in the Republic of Serbia. Also, peach, apricot and sweet cherry are of high importance. Germplasms of all aforementioned Prunus species in the Republic of Serbia are very heterogeneous. Numerous genotypes are characterized with high fruit quality and tolerance/resistance to causal agents of the most important diseases and therefore, some of them such as plum ‘Crvena Ranka’, sour cherry ‘Obla~inska‘ and apricots ‘NS-4’ and ‘NS-6’ have a major impact on commercial production. On the other hand, due to these properties, as well as others, a number of autochthonous genotypes have been used in breeding work as one of the parents in planned hybridization. Selection of genotypes with better characteristics have been carried out over a long time period in the Republic of Serbia and some of them, upon evaluation under the recognition procedure, were named and released as new cultivars. Also, clonal selection of the autochthonous genotypes and well-known landraces are a very useful tool for improvement of assortment structure. Therefore, selected clones with better characteristics might be used in production and further breeding work. Until these days, 11 apricot (‘^a~anska Pljosnata’, ‘^a~ansko Zlato’, ‘Aleksandar’, ‘Biljana’, ‘Vera’, ‘NS4’, ‘NS6’, ‘Novosadska Rodna’, ‘Novosadska Kasnocvetna’ ‘Buda’, ‘Ru`a’), two peach (‘Ma{a’ and ‘Lela’), two sour cherry (‘Lenka’ and ‘Prima’) and one sweet cherry (‘Canetova’) genotypes have been named and released as new cultivars. In addition, one plum, one sweet cherry and two sour cherry genotypes are under the recognition procedure for new cultivars.

Vrste voćaka iz roda Prunus su me|u najznačajnijima u svetu. Prema površini na kojoj se gaje i obimu proizvodnje, šljiva i višnja su, uz jabuku i malinu, najznačajnije vrste voćaka u Republici Srbiji. Takođe, breskva, kajsija i trešnja su od izuzetno velikog značaja. Germplazma svih pomenutih vrsta u Republici Srbiji je veoma raznolika i heterogena. Brojni genotipovi različitih vrsta se između ostalog odlikuju izuzetnim kvalitetom ploda i tolerantnošću/otpornošću na najznačajnije bolesti. Zbog svojih pozitivnih karakteristika genotipovi Crvena ranka (šljiva), Oblačinska (višnja), NS-4 i NS-6 (kajsija) su od izuzetnog značaja za komercijalnu proizvodnju. Takođe, ovi genotipovi, kao i brojni drugi imaju veliki značaj i u oplemenjivanju kao roditeljske sorte u planskoj hibridizaciji. Selekcija genotipova boljih proizvodnih osobina iz prirodnih populacija se u Republici Srbiji sprovodi duži vremenski period i u taj proces su uključene sve relevantne naučne institucije. U prethodnom periodu neki genotipovi su izdvojeni i kroz postupak priznavanja kod Komisije za priznavanje sorti pri Ministarstvu poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije priznati su za nove sorte. Do sada je za nove sorte priznato 11 genotipova kajsije (Čačanska Pljosnata, Čačansko Zlato, Aleksandar, Biljana, Vera, NS-4, NS- 6, Novosadska Rodna, Novosadska Kasnocvetna, Buda i Ruža), dva genotipa breskve, (Maša i Lela), dva genotipa višnje (Lenka i Prima) i jedan genotip trešnje (Canetova). Pored toga, u ovom momentu u proceduri priznavanja za nove sorte nalaze se jedan genotip šljive (Gardinovačka), jedan genotip trešnje (G-2) i dva genotipa višnje (GV-6 i GV-10).