Uticaj načina gajenja na prinos i kvalitet plodova visokožbunaste borovnice

Abstract

Poslednjih godina povećava se interes proizvođača jagodastog voća iz Srbije za podizanje zasada visokožbunaste borovnice. Prvi uspešni koraci u tom cilju su napravljeni u opštini Arilje kada je na prostoru ove opštine posađeno 10 hektara ove voćne vrste. Najzastupljeniji način proizvodnje borovnice kod nas u prethodnim godinama bio je gajenje u zemljištu ili prethodno pripremljenom suspstratu, na bankovima, sa ili bez zastiranja folijom ili agrotekstilom. Poslednjih godina sve više je zastupljen i saksijski način gajenja ovog voća. Saksijski način gajenja najviše je zastupljen u slučajevima kada vlasnik ili investitor ne poseduje dovoljne zemljišne površine ili je ono suviše nepovoljnog mehaničkog sastava. U radu su prikazani dvogodišnji rezultati (2020. i 2021. godina) ispitivanja prinosa i važnijih pokazatelja kvaliteta ploda sorte Duke iste starosti, gajene na bankovima i u saksijama na lokalitetima sela Ljutovnica kod Gornjeg Milanovca, Nikšić kod Kragujevca, Slatine kod Čačka i u okolini Belanovice. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da je borovnica gajena u saksijama imala veću početnu rodnost u odnosu na onu gajenu na bankovima. Već od treće godine kod borovnica gajenih na bankovima zabeležen je veći prinos po žbunu (2626,53 g prema 2029,62 g) i krupniji plodovi (1,81 g prema 1,69 g), kao i veći sadržaj osnovnih pokazatelja hemijskog sastava i bolje organoleptičke karakteristike plodova. Razlike u prinosu i kvalitetu plodova u korist borovnice gajene na bankovima bile su posebno izražene u godini sa visokim temperaturama tokom perioda berbe.

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest of Serbian berry fruit growers in establishing high-bush blueberry plantation. The first successful steps to that aim have been made in the Municipality Arilje when 10 hectares of this fruit species were planted. The most common production method of blueberry production in previous years in Serbia was growing blueberry in soils or formerly prepared substrate, in raised beds with or without foil or agrotextile covering. In past years, growing of this fruit species in containers has ever been present. Container growing method is most common in cases where owner or investor owns insufficient land or it is of too unfavourable mechanical composition. The paper present the two-year results (2020-2021) of examining yields and more significant quality indicators of the fruit of cv Duke of the same age, grown in raised beds or containers in the villages of Ljutovnica near Gornji Milanovac, Nikšić near Kragujevac and Slatina in the vicinity of Belanovica. The research results show that blueberry grown in containers had higher initial yield compared to those grown in raised beds. From the third year, in blueberries grown in raised beds, a higher yield per bush (2626,53 g compared to 2029,62 g) and larger fruits (1,81 g compared to 1,69 g) were noted as well as higher content of the basic indicators of chemical composition and better organoleptic fruit characteristics. Differences in yield and quality of fruits in favour of the blueberry grown in raised beds were especially pronounced in the year of high temperatures during the harvest period.