Content of Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Cr in soil and fruits of apple and plum

Abstract

In plants, some metals play important role as micronutrient components, significant for growth in low concentrations. If present in higher concentrations than necessary, they can be phytotoxic and cause product contamination. Analysed soils are classified from clay loam to heavy clay, medium to high supply with soil basic fertility parameters, acid to neutral soil reaction. Analysing total content of Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Cr in soils under apple and plum plantations, an averaged higher content of Cu (13,88 mg kg-1), Zn (33,78 mg kg-1), Co (22,05 mg kg-1), Ni (52,38 mg kg-1) has been measured under plum plantations and the content of Ni (9,55 mg kg-1) under apple plantations. Results of the examination on the presence of the above elements in fruits have shown differences in relation to the content in the soil. Content of Cu, Zn, Co, Cr have had higher average values in fruits of apple and the Ni content has been higher in plums, with higher measured values in individual fruits of plum Cu 3,11 mg kg-1 of dry matter), Zn (4,08 mg kg-1 of dry matter), Ni (1,32 mg kg-1 of dry matter). Adoption of metal from the soil depends on the pH value of the soil, organic composition, the soil type and the concentration of metals in the soil itself. It also depends on the percentage of metal adoption through the plant root, water, metabolic capacity, ion absorption and other. Monitoring the content of metals in soil and fruits is significant in sustainable land use and health food safety.