Pojava fenoloških faza kod ribizle (Ribes sp.) u agroekološkim uslovima Čačka, zapadna Srbija

Abstract

Istraživanja su sprovedena u periodu od tri godine kako bi se izvršilo sistematsko praćenje i proučavanje zakonitosti periodičnih pojava ili fenoloških faza u razvojnom ciklusu (početak listanja, puno listanje, pojava cvasti, početak cvetanja, puno cvetanje, početak zametanja bobica i sazrevanje bobica) sori ribizle (Ribes sp.). Eksperimentom je obuhvaćeno devet sorti crne ribizle (‘Ben Lomond’, ‘Ben Sarek’, ‘Tsema’, ‘Titania’, ‘Čačanska Crna’, ‘Tisel’, ‘Tiben’, ‘Tenah’, ‘Black Reward’), deset sorti crvene ribizle (‘Losan’, ‘Redpoll’, ‘Rovada’, ‘Detvan’, ‘Junifer’, ‘Jonkherr van Tets’, ‘Industria’, ‘Red Lake’, ‘Rondom’, ‘Rolan’) i tri sorte bele ribizle (‘Weisse аus Juteborg’, ‘Primus’, ‘Blanka’). Istraživanja su sprovedene u Institutu za voćarstvo, Čačak, Zapadna Srbija, u period od 2017 do 2019 godine. Fenološke osobine su određivane primenom međunarodnog deskriptora za crnu ribizlu (CPVO-TP/040/2 – UPOV, 2009), i crvenu i belu ribizlu (CPVO-TP/52/1 – UPOV, 2004). Ispitivane sorte su se razlikovale u fenološkim osobinama. U agroekološkim uslovima Čačka, sorte crne ribizle su ranije ulazile u fenološke faze u poređenju sa sortama crvene i bele ribizle. Najraniji početak svih fenoloških faza uočen je kod crne ribizle ‘Čačanska Crna’ i ‘Tisel’, crvene ‘Junifer’ i bele ribizle ‘Primus’. Sa druge strane, najkasnija fenološka svojstva zabeležena su kod crne ribizle ‘Ben Lomond’, crvene ‘Industria’ i bele ribizle ‘Weisse аus Juteborg’. Poznavanje fenologije ribizle kao vrste voćaka koja ranije ulazi u period vegetacije i fazu cvetanja od posebnog je značaja pri izboru odgovarajuće lokacije za podizanje komercijalnih zasada ribizle. Ispitivane sorte su pogodne za gajenje u agroklimatskim uslovima Čačka, Zapadna Srbija, s obzirom na njihov kasniji početak fenofaze cvetanja, kao važne karakteristike kojom se izbegavaju oštećenja od kasnih prolećnih mrazeva.

An experiment was conducted over a period of three years to systematically examine patterns of occurrence of periodic life-cycle events or phenological stages (beginning of leaf unfolding, full leaf unfolding, inflorescence emergence, beginning of flowering, full flowering, beginning of berry set and berry ripening) in currant cultivars (Ribes sp.). The experiment included nine black currant cultivars (‘Ben Lomond’, ‘Ben Sarek’, ‘Tsema’, ‘Titania’, ‘Čačanska Crna’, ‘Tisel’, ‘Tiben’, ‘Tenah’, ‘Black Reward’), ten red currant cultivars (‘Losan’, ‘Redpoll’, ‘Rovada’, ‘Detvan’, ‘Junifer’, ‘Jonkherr van Tets’, ‘Industria’, ‘Red Lake’, ‘Rondom’, ‘Rolan’) and three white currant cultivars (‘Weisse аus Juteborg’, ‘Primus’, ‘Blanka’). Investigations were carried out at the Fruit Research Institute, Čačak, Western Serbia, during 2017-2019. Phenological properties of tested currant cultivars were determined using international descriptors for black currants (CPVO-TP/040/2 – UPOV, 2009), and red and white currant (CPVO-TP/52/1 – UPOV, 2004). The tested cultivars showed differences in the phenological traits. Under the agroenvironmental conditions of Čačak, black currant cultivars entered earlier into phenological stages compared to red currant and white currant cultivars. The earliest occurrence of phenological events was observed in black currant cvs. ‘Čačanska Crna’ and ‘Tisel’, red currant cv. ‘Junifer’ and white currant cv. ‘Primus’. On the other hand, the latest phenological properties were recorded in black currant ‘Ben Lomond’, red currant ‘Industria’ and white currant ‘Weisse аus Juteborg’. Knowledge of the phenology of currant as a fruit species that demonstrates an early entry into the growing season and flowering stage is of particular importance when choosing an appropriate location for establishing commercial currant orchards. The tested cultivars are suitable for growing under the agroclimatic conditions of Čačak, Western Serbia, given their late entry into the flowering stage as their important characteristic in terms of preventing damage due to late spring frosts.