Effect of different cultivation systems on yield and fruit quality of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) cultivars

Abstract

The experiment evaluated the yield and fruit quality (soluble solids content, total sugars, invert sugars, total acids, pH value) of six black currant cultivars (‘Ben Lomond’, ‘Ben Sarek’, ‘Titania’, ‘Čačanska Crna’, ‘Tisel’ and ‘Tiben’) in different cultivation systems (bare fallow, sawdust mulch and black foil mulch). During the five-year research period, the average yield per bush and that per unit area were highest in ‘Tiben’, and lowest in ‘Ben Sarek’. The highest content of soluble solids was determined in ‘Tisel’, while ‘Čačanska Crna’ had the highest content of total and invert sugars. In contrast, the highest values for total acids and pH value were obtained in ‘Tisel’. In terms of cultivation systems, sawdust mulch treatments led to significantly higher values of yield per bush and per unit area compared to bare fallow and foil mulch. Black foil mulch had a significant positive effect on the synthesis of soluble solids and sugars, while sawdust mulch had the effect on the accumulation of acids and pH value. The results suggested that black currants grow well under varied cultivation systems, and indicated that cultivation systems had a significant effect on yield and fruit quality.

U eksperimentu su praćeni prinos i kvalitet ploda (rastvorljive suve materije, ukupni šećeri, invertni šećeri, ukupne kiseline i pH) kod šest sorti crne ribizle (Ben Lomond, Ben Sarek, Titania, Čačanska Crna, Tisel i Tiben) pri različitim sistemima gajenja (jalovi ugar, strugotina malč i crna folija malč). Tokom petogodišnjeg perioda istraživanja, najveći prosečni prinos po žbunu i jedinici površine zabeležen je kod sorte Tiben, a najniži kod sorte Ben Sarek. Najvećim sadržajem rastvorljivih suvih materija odlikovali su se plodovi sorte Tisel, dok je sorta Čačanska Crna imala najveći sadržaj ukupnih i invertnih šećera. Sa druge strane, visoka vrednost ukupnih kiselina i pH zabeležena je kod sorte Tisel. U pogledu sistema gajenja, upotreba strugotine kao malča uticala je na povećanje prinosa, kako po žbunu, tako i po jedinici površine u poređenju sa jalovim ugarom i folijom. Crna folija malč imala je pozitivan efekat na sintezu rastvorljivih suvih materija i šećera, dok je strugotina malč uticala na akumulaciju ukupnih kiselina i pH vrednost ploda. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da crna ribizla dobro uspeva pod različitim sistemima gajenja, i da sistemi gajenja imaju značajan uticaj na prinos i kvalitet ploda.