Virusi i viroidi jabuke

Abstract

Po proizvedenim količinama plodova voćaka jabuka se nalazi na trećem mestu u svetu, posle banana i pomorandži. U Srbiji je u poslednjoj deceniji proizvodnja jabuke gotovo udvostručena. U odnosu na druge vrste voćaka jabuku napada manji broj virusa i viroida. Većina virusa ne izaziva vidljive simptome na biljnim organima, pa stabla deluju potpuno zdrava, ali kod osetljivih sorti dolazi do smanjenja prinosa. Po rasprostranjenosti i ekonomskom značaju izdvajaju se četiri virusa jabuke: virus jamičavosti stabla jabuke (apple stem pitting virus, ASPV), virus brazdavosti stabla jabuke (apple stem grooving virus, ASGV), virus hlorotične lisne pegavosti jabuke (apple chlorotic leaf spot virus, ACLSV) i virus mozaika jabuke (apple mosaic virus, ApMV). Od viroida, po štetnosti se izdvaja viroid plutavosti pokožice ploda jabuke (apple scar skin viroid, ASSVd).

Apples are the third most produced fruit in the world, behind bananas and oranges, in terms of volume. Over the past ten years, Serbia's apple production has nearly doubled. Apples are less subjected to viral and viroid attacks than other fruit species. Most viruses cause no visible symptoms on the plant's organs, and the trees either seem to be in good condition or, in the case of sensitive cultivars, their yield is reduced. Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), and apple mosaic virus (ApMV) are four apple economically important and widely distributed viruses. Among the viroids, the apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) is particularly destructive for apple production.