Morfološka i patogena karakterizacija Pestalotiopsis spp. patogena leske u Srbiji

Abstract

Leska (Corylus avellana L.) je ekonomski veoma značajna voćna vrsta koja se gaji u velikom broju zemalja. Najveći svetski proizvođač i izvoznik plodova lešnika je Turska. U Srbiji se leska, u odnosu na druge vrste voćaka, gaji na značajno manjim površinama. U poslednjoj deceniji leska sve više dobija na značaju i prisutan je trend rasta površina pod ovom kulturom. Leska je domaćin brojnih patogena i štetočina koji mogu da izazovu značajne ekonomske štete u zasadima. U Srbiji do danas nije bilo sveobuhvatnih istraživanja prouzrokovača bolesti leske i cilj našeg rada je bio determinacija uzročnika nekih od gljivičnih bolesti. U periodu od 2017. do 2020. godine sa većeg broja plantaža u Srbiji prikupljeni su uzorci listova i grana leske sa simptomima nekrotične pegavosti. Iz sakupljenih uzoraka izolovan je veliki broj izolata gljive za dalju determinaciju. Na osnovu morfoloških i patogenih osobina izdvojenih izolata utvrđeno je prisustvo fitopatogenih gljiva iz roda Pestalotiopsis.

Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is an economically very important fruit species cultivated in many countries. The world's largest producer and exporter of hazelnuts is Turkey. In Serbia, compared to other types of fruit, hazelnuts are grown on significantly smaller areas. In the last decade, hazelnut has become more interesting for the producers and there is a growing trend of increase of areas under this crop. Hazelnut is the host of numerous pathogens and pests that can cause significant economic damage in orchards. To date, there has been no comprehensive research on the causes of hazelnut diseases in Serbia, and the goal of our work was to determine the causes of some fungal diseases. In the period from 2017 to 2020, samples of hazelnut leaves and branches with symptoms of necrotic spotting were collected from a large number of plantations in Serbia. A large number of isolates were isolated from the collected samples for further determination. Based on the morphological and pathogenic properties of the isolates, the presence of phytopathogenic fungi from the genus Pestalotiopsis was determined.