Efekat metaksenije na organoleptičke osobine ploda novijih sorti jabuke

Abstract

U radu su predstavljeni trogodišnji rezultati ispitivanja efekta metaksenije na organoleptičke osobine ploda sorti jabuke Gala Must i Red Elstar dobijenih u varijantama stranooprašivanja (Gala Must x Red Elstar i Gala Must x Rajka; Red Elstar x Gala Must, Red Elstar x Rajka i Red Elstar x Topaz) i slobodnog oprašivanja (Gala Must O.P. i Red Elstar O.P.). Organoleptičke osobine ploda ispitivanih sorti jabuke, dobijenih u navedenim varijantama oprašivanja, utvrđene su kroz ocenu prisustva i intenziteta dopunske boje pokožice, ocenu atraktivnosti, ukusa, arome i konzistencije. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata utvrđen je statistički značajan efekat sorte oprašivača na prisustvo i intenzitet dopunske boje pokožice ploda obe ispitivane sorte, s tim da je sorta Rajka ispoljila najjači efekat metaksenije. Na osnovu ukupne ocene ispitivanih organoleptičkih karakteristika ploda, sorta Rajka se pokazala kao najbolji oprašivač sorte Gala Must, dok je sorta Gala Must najbolji oprašivač sorte Red Elstar.

The paper presents results of three-year study of metaxenia effect on organoleptic properties of 'Gala Must' and 'Red Elstar' fruits, obtained through a number of variants of cross-pollination ('Gala Must' x 'Red Elstar' and 'Gala Must' x 'Rajka'; 'Red Elstar' x 'Gala Must', 'Red Elstar' x 'Rajka' and 'Red Elstar' x 'Topaz') and open pollination ('Gala Must' O.P. and 'Red Elstar' O.P.). The organoleptic traits of the fruits of the assessed cultivars that were obtained in the pollination variants described above were determined based on the assessment of relative area and intensity of the over colour, assessment of the attractiveness, flavour, aroma and consistency. Based on the obtained results, it was determined that there was a statistically significant effect of the polleniser on the relative area and intensity of the over colour of the fruit in both assessed cultivars, with the 'Rajka' cultivar recording the strongest metaxenia effect. Based on the overall evaluation of the examined organoleptic traits of the fruit, the 'Rajka' cultivar proved to be the most suitable polleniser of the 'Gala Must', while the 'Gala Must' was the most suitable polliniser of the 'Red Elstar' cultivar.