Inicijalno i finalno zametanje plodova hibrida šljive (Prunus domestica L.) u zavisnosti od tipa oprašivanja

Abstract

U radu su prikazani rezultati dvogodišnjih ispitivanja (2009-2010. godina) inicijalnog i finalnog zametanja plodova perspektivnih hibrida šljive (Prunus domestica L.), stvorenih u Institutu za voćarstvo u Čačku, u zavisnosti od tipa oprašivanja. Ispitivani su hibridi: 38/62/70 (‘Hall’ x ‘California Blue’), IV/63/81 (‘Large Sugar Prune’ x ‘Scoldus’), 32/21/87 (‘Stanley’ x ‘Scoldus’), 22/17/87 (‘Čačanska najbolja’ x ‘Zh'lta Butilcovidna’), 29/29/87 (‘Stanley’ x ‘Scoldus’) i 34/41/87 (‘Valjevka’ x ‘Čačanska lepotica’). Inicijalno i finalno zametanje plodova ispitivani su u varijantama samooprašivanja i slobodnog oprašivanja. Istovremeno je obavljeno ispitivanje klijavosti polena in vitro, karakteristika fenofaze cvetanja i obilnosti cvetanja. Generalno se uočava niža obilnost cvetanja u toku druge godine ispitivanja. Klijavost polena je varirala od prosečno 25,31% (hibrid 29/29/87) do 40,01% (hibrid 38/62/70). Sa prosečno 31,59% finalno zametnutih plodova u varijanti samooprašivanja i 29,38% u varijanti slobodnog oprašivanja hibrid 34/41/87 je dao najbolje rezultate, dok su najslabiji rezultati sa prosečno 1,61% finalno zametnutih plodova u varijanti samooprašivanja i 7,69% u varijanti slobodnog oprašivanja dobijeni kod hibrida 32/21/87.

The paper presents results of two-year study (2009-2010) of initial and final fruit set in promising plum (Prunus domestica L.) hybrids developed at Fruit Research Institute - Čačak, under different pollination conditions. The following hybrids were studied: 38/62/70 (‘Hall’ x ‘California Blue’), 32/21/87 (‘Stanley’ x ‘Scoldus’), IV/63/81 (‘Large Sugar Prune’ x ‘Scoldus’), 22/17/87 (‘Čačanska Najbolja’ x ‘Zh'lta Butilcovidna’), 29/29/87 (‘Stanley’ x ‘Scoldus’) and 34/41/87 (‘Valjevka’ x ‘Čačanska Lepotica’). Each of the hybrids was studied both under self- pollination and open pollination. In vitro pollen germination was also performed as well as characteristics of flowering phenophase and flowering abundance. Generally, the results suggest lower flowering abundance in the second year of the study. Pollen germination ranged from averagely 25.31% (29/29/87) to 40.01% (38/62/70). With averagely 31.59% final fruit set under self-pollination and 29.38% under open pollination variants, respectively, hybrid 34/41/87 gave the best results. The lowest performance was observed in hybrid 32/21/87 with 1.61% and 7.69% final fruit set under self- and open pollination variants, respectively.