Selekcija autohtonih genotipova višnje (Prunus cerasus L.) na području Feketića

Abstract

Autohtoni genotipovi voćaka su veoma značajan izvor genetičke varijabilnosti i vredan početni materijal za oplemenjivački rad. Institut za voćarstvo u Čačku ima dugu tradiciju proučavanja autohtonih genotipova kontinentalnih vrsta voćaka, sporadično očuvanih i širenih u nekim lokalitetima na prostoru Srbije. U periodu 2005-2006. godine ispitivane su osobine devet autohtonih genotipova višnje na području Feketica: vreme cvetanja i zrenja, pomološke osobine, biohemijski sastav ploda i poljska otpornost prema prouzrokovačima najznačajnijih bolesti višnje - ljubičaste pegavosti lišća trešnje i višnje (Blumeriella jaapii (Rehm.) v. Arx.), šupljikavosti lišća trešnje i višnje (Clasterosporium carpophilum (Lév.) Aderh.) i monilioze koštičavih vrsta voćaka (Monilinia laxa /Ader et Ruhl./ Honey ex Whetz.). Genotipovi su testirani na prisustvo Prune dwarf virus i Prunus necrotic ring spot virus. Plodovi većine genotipova su sazrevali tokom prve i druge dekade juna, i pripadaju kategoriji krupnih plodova, izuzetnih organoleptickih svojstava. Najveću prosečnu masu ploda imao je genotip F-1 (8,1 g). Sadržaj rastvorljivih suvih materija i ukupnih šećera je bio najviši kod plodova genotipa F-4 (17,60%; 14,25%). Na osnovu kriterijuma poljske otpornosti prema prouzrokovačima bolesti višnje i kvaliteta ploda, mogu se izdvojiti genotipovi F-1, F-2, F-3, F-7 i F-8.

Autochthonous genotypes of fruit species are very important source of genetic variability and valuable material for breeding work. Fruit Research Institute-Čačak has a long tradition of studying autochthonous genotypes of temperate fruits sporadically spread and preserved in some localities in Serbia. Over 2005-2006, the following properties of nine autochthonous sour cherry genotypes grown in Feketic region were investigated: flowering and ripening time, pomological properties, biochemical composition of fruits and field resistance to causal agents of cherry diseases - cherry leaf spot (Blumeriella jaapii (Rehm.) v. Arx.), shot-hole (Clasterosporium carpophilum (Lév.) Aderh.) and brown rot (Monilinia laxa /Ader et Ruhl./ Honey ex Whetz.). The genotypes were tested for the presence of Prune dwarf virus and Prunus necrotic ring spot virus. In majority of genotypes fruits were large, with exceptional organoleptical properties, whereas ripening time was in the first ten or twenty days of June. The highest fruit weight was observed in F-1 genotype (8.1 g). The highest soluble solids and total sugars content were found in F- 4 genotype (17.60% and 14.25%, respectively). As for field resistance to causal agents of diseases and good pomo-technological properties, F-1, F-2, F-3, F-7 and F-8 genotypes were singled out.