Inicijalno i finalno zametanje plodova sorti trešnje u zavisnosti od tipa oprašivanja

Abstract

U radu su predstavljeni dvogodišnji rezultati (2008-2009. godina) ispitivanja inicijalnog i finalnog zametanja plodova sorti trešnje 'Karina', 'Kordia', 'Regina' i 'Summit' u zavisnosti od tipa oprašivanja, u agroekološkim uslovima Čačka. Inicijalno i finalno zametanje plodova je ispitivano u varijantama unakrsnog i samooprašivanja (16 kombinacija), a za svaku kombinaciju je emaskulirano i oprašeno 300 cvetova. Istovremeno je obavljeno ispitivanje zametanja plodova navedenih sorti u varijanti slobodnog oprašivanja, kao i karakteristike fenofaze cvetanja i klijavost polena in vitro. Procenat zametanja plodova je kod svih sorti generalno bio viši u prvoj godini ispitivanja. Sorte 'Karina' i 'Regina' su imale visok procenat zametanja plodova u obe godine, u svim kombinacijama stranooprašivanja, kao i u slobodnom oprašivanju. Sorta 'Regina' se pokazala prosečno najboljim oprašivačem za preostale sorte, a posebno za sortu 'Karina'. Sorta 'Regina' je takođe imala i najbolju klijavost polena in vitro.

The paper presents two-year results of the study (2008-2009) of the initial and final fruit set in sweet cherry cultivars 'Kordia', 'Summit', 'Karina' and 'Regina' grown under agroecological conditions of Čačak, which were subjected to different types of pollination. Each of the above mentioned cultivars was investigated under cross-pollination and self-pollination conditions (16 combinations); for each combination 300 flowers were emasculated and pollinated. The study of the initial and final fruit set under the conditions of open pollination was concurrently performed. The characteristics of flowering phenophase as well as in vitro pollen germination of the stated cultivars were monitored. Generally, in all the cultivars fruit set was higher in the first year of study. 'Karina' and 'Regina' had high fruit set rate in both years, in cross- and open pollination. 'Regina' proved to be the best pollinator, especially for 'Karina', and demonstrated the best in vitro pollen germination in comparison with the other studied cultivars.