Uticaj gustine sadnje na osobine ploda i prinos stonih sorti šljive

Abstract

Ispitivanja su obavljena u periodu od 2008. do 2010. godine na objektu Zdravljak, Instituta za voćarstvo u Čačku. Ogledom su obuhvaćene tri stone sorte šljive: 'Čačanska rana', 'Čačanska lepotica' i 'Čačanska najbolja'. Proučavane sorte gajene su u pet tretmana guste sadnje: I tretman - 4,0 x 1,0 m (2.500 stabala/ha); II tretman - 4,0 x 1,5 m (1.666,6 stabala/ha); III tretman - 4,0 x 2,0 m (1.250 stabala/ha); IV tretman - 5,0 x 3,0 m (666,6 stabala/ha) i V tretman (kontrola) - 5,0 x 4,0 m (500 stabala/ha). Istraživanjima su obuhvaćeni sledeći parametri: dimenzije i masa ploda i koštice, sadržaj mezokarpa, masa i dužina peteljke, sadržaj rastvorljivih suvih materija i prinos plodova po stablu i jedinici površine. Rezultati proučavanja su pokazali da nije bilo značajnih razlika u pogledu ispitivanih osobina ploda u primenjenim tretmanima guste sadnje. Analizom rezultata prinosa plodova po stablu i jedinici površine ispoljene su visoko značajne razlike. Najveći prinosi zabeleženi su u tretmanu I (4,0 x 1,0 m), a najmanji u tretmanu V (kontrola).

The studies were conducted over the two-year period (2008-2010) at Fruit Research Institute in Čačak. The trial included three plum table cultivars: 'Čačanska Rana', 'Čačanska Lepotica' and 'Čačanska Najbolja'. The studied cultivars were grown in five planting densities: I - 4.0 x 1.0 m (2,500 trees/ha); II - 4.0 x 1.5 m (1,666.6 trees/ha); III - 4.0 x 2.0 m (1,250 trees/ha); IV - 5.0 x 3.0 m (666.6 trees/ha) and V (control) - 5.0 x 4.0 m (500 trees/ha). The studies encompassed the following parameters: size and weight of fruit and stone, flesh ratio, stalk mass and length, soluble solids content and yield per tree and unit land area. In the initial cropping, differences in size and weight of fruit and stone, flesh content, stalk mass and length and soluble solids content in fruits were not considerable among cultivars in planting densities of treatment. The average fruit weight in 'Čačanska Rana' was the lowest in IV (41.3 g), and the greatest in V treatment (48.6 g); in 'Čačanska Lepotica', fruit weight was lowest in IV (32.6 g), and greatest in III treatment (39.9 g); in 'Čačanska Najbolja' values of the same parameter was lowest in II (38.4 g), and highest in I treatment (44.3 g). Yield per tree and unit land area had highly significant differences among planting densities treatments, which depended on planting distance and number of trees per unit land area. The highest yield in all the studied cultivars was realized in the first (I) treatment at planting distance 4.0 x 1.0 m (2,500 trees/ha), whereas it was lowest in the fifth (V) treatment 5.0 x 4.0 m (500 trees/ha). The obtained results confirm the observed regularity that the increase in number of trees per unit land area results in the increase of yield. From the aspect of cultivars used, the highest yield per tree and unit land area in all the treatments were recorded in cultivar 'Čačanska Lepotica', followed by 'Čačanska Najbolja', whereas they were lowest in 'Čačanska Rana'.