Ispitivanje fenofaze cvetanja i klijavosti polena novijih sorti trešnje

Abstract

U radu su prikazani dvogodišnji rezultati ispitivanja karakteristika fenofaze cvetanja i klijavosti polena 16 sorti trešnje (Bianca di Verona, Junska rana, Lapins, Early Compact Van, Merchant, Čarna, Vega, Compact Stella, Kordia, Summit, Sunburst, Margit, Vista, Stark Hardy Giant, Durone Nero III i Inge), koji su upoređivani sa osobinama standardne sorte Bigarreau Hativ de Burlat. Najveći broj ispitivanih sorti prema vremenu cvetanja pripada kategoriji srednjeranocvetnih. Najranijim cvetanjem se odlikuje sorta Bianca di Verona, a najpoznijim Inge. Najveću klijavost polena ispoljila je domaća sorta Čarna, zatim sorte Stark Hardy Giant, Lapins, Junska rana i Sunburst.

Major problem in the study of flowering phenology in sweet cherry is determining the pollination and germination capacities among cultivars within particular sweet cherry groups, notably between early-flowering and late-flowering ones, bearing in mind classification of cultivars into incompatibility groups. One of the key aspects of pollination in sweet cherry is the pollen quality which governs the efficacy of the fertilization process. The paper presents two-year results of the study of the flowering phenophase and pollen germination rate in 16 sweet cherry cultivars, i.e. Bianca di Verona, Junska Rana, Lapins, Early Compact Van, Merchant, Čarna, Vega, Compact Stella, Kordia, Summit, Sunburst, Margit, Vista, Stark Hardy Giant, Durone Nero III and Inge. Properties of the stated cultivars have been contrasted to the ones of standard cultivar Bigarreau Hativ de Burlat. With regard to the time of flowering, the greatest number of the studied cultivars are classified as midflowering ones. Cv Bianca di Verona is earliest, whereas cv Inge is the latest-flowering cultivar. As regards pollen germination, the highest rate was observed in the domestic cv Čarna, cvs Stark Hardy Giant, Lapins, Junska Rana and Sunburst followed, whereas cvs Summit and Vista displayed the lowest performance, their average pollen germination rate being lower than 30%, which does not recommend them as reliable pollinators, regardless of suitable cultivar-specific composition thereof in a planting and flowering time overlap with fertilization-compatible cultivars.