Utrošak vremena za formiranje uzgojnog oblika kod nekih sorti šljive gajenih u zasadima različite gustine sadnje

Abstract

Formiranje uzgojnog oblika u gustim zasadima šljive sa malim razmacima sadnje i krunama malih dimenzija bazira se pre svega na specifičnim pomotehničkim zahvatima u početnim godinama po sadnji. U radu su prikazani rezultati koji govore o utrošku vremena za sprovođenje tih zahvata u toku prve i druge godine starosti zasada. Na kraju su isti upoređeni sa utroškom vremena za formiranje poboljšane piramide kod klasičnog načina gajenja šljive. Ispitivanja su vršena na 4 sorte šljive (Čačanska rodna, Čačanska rana, Čačanska lepotica i Stanley) kalemljenim na sejancu džanarike i gajene pri razmaku sadnje 4 x 2 m (1.250 stabala po hektaru). Predviđeni uzgojni oblik je vretenasti žbun. Kod poboljšane piramide razmak sadnje je bio 5 x 4 m (500 stabala po hektaru), a ispitivanja su vršena na 2 sorte (Čačanska lepotica i Stanley). U toku prve vegetacije sprovođeni su sledeći pomotehnički zahvati: savijanje mladara u horizontalan položaj uz pomoć čačkalica, uvrtanje mladara, kao i korekcija i ponavljanje tih operacija. U toku druge godine sprovođeni su zahvati u cilju daljeg formiranja uzgojnog oblika: rovašenje produžnice, savijanje prevremenih grančica, savijanje letorasta, uvrtanje mladara i letnja rezidba. Na početku treće vegetacije stabla svih sorti imala su zadovoljavajući i skoro u potpunosti formirani uzgojni oblik. Za njegovo formiranje ukupno je utrošeno: kod cv Čačanska rodna 215,0 časova/ha; kod cv Čačanska rana 151,8 časova/ha; kod Čačanska lepotica 175,8 časova/ha; kod sorte Stanley 145,4 časa/ha. Kod klasičnog načina gajenja šljive za formiranje poboljšane piramide utrošeno je 19,60 čas/ha kod sorte Stanley, odnosno 19,81 čas/ha kod sorte Čačanska lepotica.

With densely-planted plum orchards, characterized by small distances between the planted trees and the small dimension of their tree-tops, the forming of the cultivation form is primarily done by the means of specific pomological-technical operations, applied in the first years following the planting. The work presents the results dealing with the time spent on the said measures during the first and the second year of growth. The research was done on 4 plum cultivars (Čačanska Rodna, Čačanska Rana, Čačanska Lepotica and Stanley) that were grafted on a young wild plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.) base, and cultivated at the planting distance of 4 x 2 m (1,250 trees per hectare). The planned cultivation form is the so-called "wide spindle". During the period of the first vegetation, the following pomological-technical operations were applied: bending of the twigs towards the horizontal position, by the means of sticks/toothpicks, twisting of the twigs, together with the correction and the repetition of the operations themselves. The results have shown that the amount of time needed to perform these operations varied from one cultivar to another, as well as from one operation to another. The total amount of time spent on the said operations at the end of the first year was: 40.9 hours/ha with the Čačanska Rodna cultivar; 24.1 hours/ha with the Čačanska Rana, 37.7 hours/ha with the Čačanska Lepotica, and 22.4 hours/ha with Stanley. During the second year, the operations that were performed to continue the shaping of the cultivation form included "notching" leader branch, bending of the new and summer twigs, twisting of the twigs and summer pruning. The total amounts of time spent on these operations were: 174.1 hours/ha with the Čačanska Rodna; 127.7 hours/ha with the Čačanska Rana; 138.1 hours/ha with the Čačanska Lepotica, and 123.0 hours/ha with Stanley. At the beginning of the third period of vegetation, the trees of all the cultivars had a satisfactory, almost completely shaped cultivation form. The total amounts of time spent to achieve it were as follows: 215.0 hours/ha with the Čačanska Rodna; 151.8 hours/ha with the Čačanska Rana; 175.8 hours/ha with the Čačanska Lepotica, and 145.4 hours/ha with Stanley.